THE TOPHET OF BITHIA – SU CARDOLINU (SOUTH SARDINIA). A SYNTHESIS OF FIVE EXCAVATION SEASONS BY CA’ FOSCARI UNIVERSITY OF VENICE (2021-2025)

Abstract

This paper presents a synthesis of the results obtained by the Ca’ Foscari University of Venice at the tophet of
Bithia – Su Cardolinu during five excavation seasons (2021-2025). The renewed investigations allow a reassessment
of the sanctuary after the limited explorations conducted by Ferruccio Barreca in 1964. Stratigraphic excavation, architectural
survey, and interdisciplinary analyses show that Su Cardolinu was not a marginal or short-lived cult place,
but a structured and long-lived ritual space. New data confirm the existence of an extensive urnfield and document its
continuity from the late 7th century BCE to at least the 3rd/2nd centuries BCE. The discovery of two stone stelae and
new evidence on depositional practices and spatial organization significantly strengthen the identification of the sacred
area of Su Cardolinu as the tophet of Bithia.

Keywords: Bithia (Sardinia); Tophet; Cremation; Phoenicians; Archaeology of the Mediterranean.